From Birnam Designs Wiki
To look through each character in a string in bash:
david@BIRNAM:~$ MyString=abcde
david@BIRNAM:~$ i=0
david@BIRNAM:~$ while (( i++ < ${#MyString} )); do char=$(expr substr "$MyString" $i 1); echo "<$char>"; done;
<a>
<b>
<c>
<d>
<e>
david@BIRNAM:~$